What main national standards are referenced in hotel plumbing and drainage design? List of design references
I am Daniel Wang, a water supply and drainage specialist. The question you raised is very critical, because the compliance of hotel water supply and drainage design directly affects building safety, operational efficiency and user experience. The completeness of the design basis is the cornerstone of project success; any omission may lead to failure of later acceptance or system defects. Below, based on many years of engineering experience, I will systematically sort out for you the main national standards and the list of design bases for hotel water supply and drainage design.
First, the core national standard is GB 50015-2019 Standard for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage, which is the foundation of all water supply and drainage design and covers core parameters such as water quantity, water pressure and pipe layout for water supply, hot water and drainage systems. For example, Article 3.1.9 specifies the hotel guest room water quota (such as 300-400L per bed per day), and the total water consumption must be calculated accordingly during design.
Second, the fire protection system needs to refer to GB 50974-2014 Technical Code for Fire Protection Water Supply and Hydrant Systems, which specifies the volume of fire water tanks, pump flow and head, and pipe network pressure. For example, Article 5.2.1 requires the effective volume of the fire water tank to be no less than 18m³ (for a Class I high-rise hotel); in a certain five-star hotel project, I adjusted the roof water tank position because of this. At the same time, GB 50084-2017 Code for Design of Sprinkler Systems is also crucial; Article 5.0.1 specifies the design parameters for hotel guest rooms at Medium Hazard Class I (such as sprinkler density 6L/min·m²).
For the hot water system, Chapter 6 of GB 50015-2019 Standard for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage specifies in detail the hot water supply temperature (60-65℃) and the arrangement of circulation pumps. In an actual case, a resort hotel failed to install return pipes in accordance with Article 6.3.5, resulting in terminal water delivery delays of more than 30 seconds, and it had to be retrofitted later.
In addition, reference should also be made to GB 50140-2005 Code for Design of Fire Extinguisher Configuration (such as Article 6.2.1 for determining the protection distance of fire extinguishers) and GB 50981-2014 Code for Seismic Design of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering in Buildings (Article 4.1.2 requires the installation of seismic supports for water supply and drainage pipes). The drainage system must follow Chapter 4 of GB 50015-2019 Standard for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage, especially Article 4.4.14 on the pretreatment requirements for oil-containing wastewater from kitchens.
The list of design bases should include: project planning approval documents, municipal water supply and drainage interface conditions (such as municipal water pressure 0.2-0.4MPa), and building functional zoning drawings (differences in water load among guest rooms, catering, SPA and other areas). I once handled a case: because the elevation of the municipal drainage network was not checked, the head of the basement drainage pump was insufficient, and a lifting pump station was ultimately added.
Summary: Hotel water supply and drainage design should take GB 50015-2019 as the core, combine fire protection, hot water and seismic standards, and match the actual project conditions. The above are reference opinions. The actual project situation still needs to be further comprehensively evaluated and implemented in combination with specific operating conditions, site conditions and other factors.