Fire Power Supply and Distribution System Requirements
GB 50016 Section 10.1 requires that for Class I high-rise civil buildings (which include five-star hotels), fire power supply shall be supplied as a first-class load and shall be supplied from two independent power sources with a transfer time not exceeding 2 seconds. In actual projects, two 10kV municipal power supplies plus an emergency diesel generator set are used as the third power source. Article 10.1.4 requires that the diesel generator fuel storage capacity satisfy 3 hours of operation, with the daily fuel tank not exceeding 1 cubic meter. Article 10.1.6 requires that fire distribution lines adopt mineral-insulated cables (BTTZ or YTTW type) or flame-retardant fire-resistant cables (NH-YJV type). Article 10.1.7 requires that fire distribution boxes be clearly marked and that the final-stage distribution box be equipped with an automatic transfer device. Article 10.1.8 requires that fire electrical equipment adopt dedicated supply circuits. Article 10.1.9 requires that the fire control room, fire pump room, smoke control and exhaust fan room, etc. be provided with standby lighting with a continuous supply duration of not less than 180 minutes. Minimum horizontal illuminance requirements for evacuation lighting at floor level: evacuation corridors not less than 1.0 lx, densely occupied areas not less than 3.0 lx, stairwells not less than 5.0 lx.
Smoke Control and Exhaust System Design Points
GB 50016 Section 8.5 and Chapter 9 provide systematic provisions for smoke control and exhaust systems. Article 8.5.1 requires that smoke-proof stairwells and their vestibules, and fire elevator vestibules, be provided with mechanical pressurization air supply systems. Stairwell positive pressure not less than 50 Pa, vestibule positive pressure not less than 25 Pa. Article 8.5.4 requires that internal corridors longer than 20 m, windowless rooms with an area exceeding 50 m2, and rooms with an area exceeding 100 m2 be provided with mechanical smoke exhaust systems. Smoke exhaust volume is calculated as the smoke exhaust zone area multiplied by 60 m3/(h·m2). The distance from the smoke exhaust outlet to the farthest point of the smoke exhaust zone shall not exceed 30 m. Article 9.3.2 requires that smoke exhaust fans operate continuously for 30 minutes at 280 degrees, with a 280-degree smoke exhaust fire damper at the fan inlet. Article 9.3.5 requires that mechanical smoke exhaust systems be provided separately from ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Article 8.2.1 requires that spaces with a clear height greater than 6 m be provided with fixed fire monitor extinguishing systems.
Automatic Fire Alarm and Linkage Control System
GB 50016 Section 8.4 and GB 50116 require that Class I high-rise buildings must be provided with automatic fire alarm systems and shall adopt centralized alarm systems or control-center alarm systems. Detector selection: smoke detectors installed in guest room areas; heat detectors (fixed-temperature type 93 degrees) and combustible gas detectors installed in kitchen areas; smoke detectors installed in corridors, lobbies, and ballrooms. GB 50116 Article 3.1.6 requires that each detection zone be provided with at least one manual fire alarm call point, with an installation height of 1.3-1.5 m. Linkage control: upon fire confirmation, linkage shall start fire pumps, smoke control and exhaust fans, fire shutters (two-stage descent), force elevators to descend to the ground floor, cut off non-fire power supplies, activate emergency lighting and evacuation indicators, and activate fire broadcasting. Section 6.5 requires that fire broadcast loudspeakers have a power of not less than 3 W and an installation spacing not exceeding 25 m.
MEP Coordination for Extinguishing Systems and Fire Compartmentation
GB 50016 Sections 8.1-8.3 provide provisions for the installation of various extinguishing systems. Article 8.1.2 requires that Class I high-rise public buildings must be provided with indoor hydrant systems with a spacing not exceeding 30 m, a protection radius not exceeding 25 m, and an outlet pressure not exceeding 0.5 MPa. Article 8.2.1 requires that spaces such as lobbies and ballrooms with a clear height greater than 6 m be provided with fixed fire monitor extinguishing systems. Article 8.2.2 requires that automatic sprinkler systems cover all hotel areas, with quick-response sprinklers (K=115) at 68 degrees in guest rooms and 93-degree sprinklers in kitchens. Article 6.1.3 requires that fire dampers (closing at 70 degrees) be installed on air ducts at fire compartment boundaries and that cable trays be provided with fire stopping. Article 6.2.5 requires that fire shutters or fire doors be installed on both sides of expansion joints. Article 8.1.8 requires that the fire pump room be located on the basement level 1 or ground floor with an evacuation door directly leading outdoors. Sprinkler pump start methods include pressure switch start (automatic start when pressure drops to 0.05 MPa), flow switch start, and remote start from the fire control room.