Shaft verticality and dimensional accuracy control
Shaft verticality and dimensional accuracy are prerequisites for elevator installation. According to GB 7588.1-2020 Clause 5.2, shaft verticality deviation shall comply with: (1) full shaft height not exceeding 50mm; (2) not exceeding 5mm per 5m of height (i.e., not greater than 1/1000). Shaft cross-section dimensions (clear width and clear depth) deviation shall be controlled within +20mm (only positive deviation permitted, negative deviation not permitted, otherwise guide rail brackets cannot be installed). Construction-stage control measures: (1) use laser plumb instrument or electronic theodolite for floor-by-floor setting-out verification; (2) check shaft dimensions and position before each floor slab pouring; (3) shaft inner wall plaster thickness shall be controlled within 20mm, with surface flatness ensured. If civil construction deviation exceeds limits, compensation measures shall be taken (e.g., increasing guide rail bracket adjustment shim thickness or adopting adjustable guide rail brackets), but when adjustment exceeds 50mm, civil construction rectification shall be carried out.
Machine room design conditions and load-bearing requirements
The elevator machine room is the installation location for the elevator drive system (traction machine, control cabinet, speed governor, etc.). Design requirements: (1) Floor area: at least 2 times the shaft area, single elevator machine room area not less than 15m2, shared machine room area increased by 8-10m2 per elevator; (2) Clear height: not less than 2.5m, with not less than 0.5m lifting space above the traction machine; (3) Floor load-bearing: machine room live load standard value not less than 6kN/m2, concentrated load at traction machine foundation designed per equipment manufacturer's parameters (typically 10-12kN/m2); (4) Ventilation and heat dissipation: machine room temperature shall be maintained between 5-40 degrees, air conditioning or mechanical ventilation required in high-temperature areas (ventilation rate calculated based on equipment heat dissipation); (5) Lighting: not less than 200lx, with emergency lighting provided; (6) Reserved openings: traction steel wire rope opening diameter shall be 50mm larger than the wire rope bundle diameter, with a water retaining curb 50mm above floor level around the opening. The machine room shall also reserve space for power cabinets, control cabinets, speed governors, and maintenance access width (not less than 600mm).
Pit and overhead height design requirements
Pit and overhead heights are key civil construction parameters for elevators, directly affecting elevator travel and safety device installation. Pit depth requirements (from bottom floor landing sill to pit floor): (1) elevator speed ≤1.0m/s: ≥1.4m; (2) 1.0m/s<speed≤1.75m/s: ≥1.6m; (3) 1.75m/s<speed≤2.5m/s: ≥1.8m; (4) 2.5m/s<speed≤3.5m/s: ≥2.0m; (5) 3.5m/s<speed≤6.0m/s: ≥2.5m. The pit shall be provided with: maintenance socket (220V/10A), stop switch, lighting, ladder (for heights exceeding 2.5m), and buffer foundation. Overhead height requirements (from top floor landing sill to shaft roof underside): (1) speed ≤1.0m/s: ≥4.5m; (2) 1.0m/s<speed≤1.75m/s: ≥5.0m; (3) 1.75m/s<speed≤2.5m/s: ≥5.5m; (4) speed >2.5m/s: ≥6.5m. The overhead space shall satisfy the guided travel requirements for counterweight and car buffers, and reserve maintenance space.
Shaft ancillary facility reservation requirements
Elevator shaft ancillary facilities include landing door reserved openings, shaft lighting, ventilation openings, shaft safety doors, etc. Reservation requirements: (1) Landing door openings: width = door opening width + 100mm (50mm each side), height = door opening height + 150mm (door header + 100mm + sill + 50mm); (2) Landing door sills: aluminum alloy or cast iron sills, 2-5mm above finished floor level; (3) Shaft lighting: one light fixture every 7m, one each within 0.5m of shaft highest and lowest points, illuminance not less than 50lx; (4) Ventilation openings: provided at shaft top and bottom (area not less than 1% of shaft horizontal cross-section area), with protective mesh at openings; (5) Shaft safety doors: when shaft length exceeds 50m, safety doors shall be provided at intermediate floors (door height ≥1.8m, width ≥0.6m); (6) Shaft maintenance ladder: continuously provided from pit to top floor, rung spacing not exceeding 300mm; (7) Shaft waterproofing: pit and shaft walls shall be waterproofed (underground portion waterproofing grade not lower than Grade 1, above-ground portion not lower than Grade 2). All reservation and embedding work shall be completed during main structure construction to avoid later chiseling.